Woven stiffening fabric



(Specimens.)

E. K. WARREN. WOVEN STIFFENING FABRIC.

No. 588,302. Patented Aug. 17,1897.

Witnesses. Inventor.

Attorney.

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NITED STATES 'ATENT Nice. I

EDWARD K. WVARREN, OF THREE OAKS, .MICHIGAN.

WOVEN STIFFENING FABRIC.

I Application filed February 8, 1897 7 Serial No. 622,402. (Specimens)To all whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD K. WARREN,

, a citizen of the United States, residing at the village of Three Oaks,in the countyof Berrien and State of Michigan, have invented a certainnew and useful Improvement in W'oven stiffening Fabrics and StrandsTherefor, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in Woven stiffening fabrics, and itrelates partially to a specific construction.

The broad idea of my invention is contained in my application for apatent filed on the 15th day of January, 1895, Serial No. 534,966.

It also relates to an improvement and a variation of the constructionthere shown.

It has been found that hair, and particularly cattle hair, such as formsthe bush of the tail, can be utilized by my. invention to greatadvantage.

The objects of my invention are to produce a stiffening fabric in whichstiffening fibers or hair is utilized in the warp or Weft in such amanner that they are securely retained in position, and further objectsdefinitely appearin gin the detailed description. I accomplish theseobjects by the devices and means described in the followingspecification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure l is a view of my improved fabric in which the stiffening-strandsextend in one direction only and may be utilized either as warp or weft.Fig. 2 is a View of the stiffening fabric in which the strands areutilized both as warp and Weft. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail viewshowing one of the stiffeningstrands removed from the fabric and showingits construction. Fig. 4 is a View of a structure in which thelongitudinal flexible textile thread is omitted from the strand, showingthe structure where the longitudinal thread is not necessary. Y

In the drawings similar letters of reference refer to similar partsthroughout the several views.

The fabric is made up of a warp or weft Woven together in the usualform. In either the warp and weft, or both, I place strands A which aremade up of lengths of stiff hair c,'as horsehair or a coarse hair fromother animals, as from the bush of a cows tail, or other resilientfiber, which has its ends or the whole suitably waxed and is then placedupon the longitudinal strands n and is secured thereto by awrapping-thread m Wound spirally around the Whole. When this strand ising over the same engage it between the spirals of the wrapping-thread mand hold the same securely in place,,so that it cannot be drawn out orraveled out.

It will be noted that in an attempt to remove the stiffening-strands bypulling, the cross-threads engage the wrapping-threads m, and, movingit, will cause the diameter of the circle described by these threads tobe reduced on either one side or the other, which will clamp thestiffening fibers securely and prevent their removal.

NVhere the strands are properly waxed or have their meeting endsoverlapping, the lon gitudinal flexible textile thread u may be omittedfrom the strands and the stiffening fibers be secured'together by thespiral wrapping-thread m, and where the fiber is of comparatively longhair or is roughened, such as the fibers of the quills of feathers, thelongitudinal flexible thread can be omitted,.and the strands will beoperative, though not nearly as good as the strands having thelongitudinal thread at therein. I desire to state in this connectionthat in the production of the fabric it is immaterial in What directionthe threads are woven or braided together so long as they cross over thestrands, as here shown, and engage upon the corrugations formed by thespiral wrapping-thread m, and that any attempt to remove the strandswill be prevented by cross strands or threads engaging thewrapping-thread m and causing it to contract upon the fibers of thestrands, as I have indicated.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A woven stiffening fabric composed of warp and weft threads, oneat'least of which shall contain resilient strands formed of a continuouslongitudinal thread with hairs distributed along the same and havingoverlapping meeting ends, and a wrapping-thread binding said hairs tothe longitudinal thread, as specified.

2. A woven stiffening fabric having a'warp and weft one of which atleast shall contain strands made up of stiff resilient fibers havingoverlapping ends, retained together by a closely-Wrapping thread woundthereon, as specified.

A woven stiffening fabric having a warp and weft one of which at leastshall contain strands made up of waxed hairs having overlapping endsretained together by acloselywrapping thread wound thereon, asspecified.

4. A strand made up of suitably-waxed hairs banded together and havingoverlapping ends and joined together by a thread wrapped spirally aroundthe same.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presenceof two witnesses.

EDWARD K. WARREN.

